Machine for use in the manufacture of shoes



2 1 FZ5., n# n ,mmm 6, o 1 21'5 .HMMA m n 66,7. 2, a uam A m In. Wm s .my DU SQ A mvv um.

L. G. MILLER MACHINE FOR USE IN MANUFACTURE 0F SHOES June 12,1951

Filed March 17, 1948 June 12, 1951 1 G. MILLER MACHINE FOR usa IN MANUFACTURE oF sHoEs Filed March 17, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 [nue/2 fr myd a www June 12, 1951 G, M|| ER 2,556,432

MACHINE FOR USE' 1N MANUFACTURE 0F SHOES Filed March 17, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented June 12, 1951 Lloyd G. Miller, Beverly, assigner to- United ShoeM-achinery Ctnfporation,-.Fleming ton, N. J a corporation of New Jersey Applications/incur?, 194s;- serial-No.lsgso' 17 Claims. (cm2-.1)

This` invention relatesto amachine for useV in themanufacture-ofshoes and particularly amachine for assembling ari-upper. on a solo member.

For holdingfthefsole :member onl the supporting table, during/the assemblingvoperation, the herein illustrated' machine;infr accordance with another featureY of the'finvention, is v provided with a holddown member which isfarrangedtoI bear In lthe manufacture of. certain types of slip-last- 5 yieldingly against-thsolemember. Preferably, ed shoes, aprecutupper., havingy a lasftingmarthis holddownmemberi is-adaptedalso toserve ginA of a denite and.. predeterminedv width, is as a guide meansrfor-positioningfthe edge ofthe loosely assembled on anv insole and adhesively lasting margin of ,thel upper relatively to the sole secured thereto with its lasting margin overlaymember and-is particularly; useful when an up.- ing the. insole; Whenrthe upper has thus been 10 per. is being: assembled `o'narsole-member that' is assembled on, and securedA to, theV insole, a last not rabbetedor otnerwisefprovidedfwith means isf-inserted to stretch=and shape. the upper; .after for locating the upper?tl'i'erje'zon.l which an outsole and heel are attached to the In order' that thesolenlember, with'the upper bottomA of the# shoe;- inA the usual manner, to loosely assembiedltl'rereon; may Ibe conveniently complete thefshoe'; The operation of assembling 15 positioned'laterallyoonthelsupportingftable, and the upper on, andlad-hesively securng'itfto, the l relatively tothe anvil-andi rotary pressing-meminsole, is usually performed by hand and eX- ber,,thefherein:illustratedfmach'ine is, inaccordtreme care mustbe exercisedito insurethat the ance Witha stillfurther feature of the'invention, 'lasting' margin is accuratelyfpositioned with its provided with an'fedge guide-Which is arranged fullvvidth` overlaying thefin'sole, and also that 20 t0 Contactv the'fupper -adljacent to, and Where it the lasting margin is rmly and uniformlyV is bent around;` thefedgefvofl the sole member. pressed against the insole, Frequently the in- Preferablmxand herein illustrated; meansare sole is rabbeted toprovide a locatingfshoulder, in plOVded `fr Withdraw/m5131162 edge' guide .away which-case caremust beeXercised-to see that the from its operating:` position closely: adjacent to edgeiof the upper ispla'cedagainst this shoulder. 25 the anvil,andforf-` simultaneously elevating,` the At best, this-hand-assembling operation is relahOlddOWIl-SOaSO 'facilitaethe placing-0f a solo tively slowand tedious-and, unless verycarefully member, With-an-'upper loosely-:assembled thereperfrmed, .isy notproductiv'eof satisfactory reon, upon thefsupporting f tableatthe beginning suns, ,of the assemblingifoperations Also, in order fur- It therefore, anlobject of this'invention to 30 ther to f facil-'itateftliefintroduction oftheA Work, provide a novel machine by the Yuse ofI which the mea-nsfor withdrawing the edgefguideand this assembling operation` may. bel easily.y and for elevatingthe-holddown; isaailso-'adapted to speedily performed with uniformand satisfactory bringA the machina to a.l stop-- with thepresser results. Tothis end,- the herein illustrated -mamemberand-anvil-separatechr chine'` is provided 1 with* means constructed and 35 The above'land other-objects-and features-of arranged to extendinto' the open end of an upthe invention Willlloe apparentfromthe fellowper for supporting-a sole member, with theiupingV detailedf descriptionfor. the. macl'lineV illusvper-` looselyv assembled thereon; together with trated-in theacompafnying.- drawings,l and'will means' fori applying pressure-to' the upper and be pointed outin the-claims solemember, progressively, to secure the upper ,lof In the drawingsz.. n Vtotlfie'isole member in'assembled' relationitherev Fig 1 isl a-vieW-in frontfeelevation-ofY two Ama- 'on: More particularly, and in accordance with chines,.eachfembodying-the-features of this-` in- -features of this inventionv the'supporting means vention;

may" comprise avltable which is-supported ona Fig: 2 isaviewinsde elevation 4of themachine iiexible: arm and arranged to extend into-the 45 shown on the right in'lFiggwlg;

open end of an upper, While thepressingfm'eans Figs. @and-4 are-planviews; respectively, of comprises an anvil, supported, for circular movethe Operating. elements: ofthe two machines menton a flexiblearm'adjacent to the table show-n--ir1-1=lig;f1;l

and arranged .also to extend into the `open-- end Figs-V.v 4Sand 6 arefviewsfn *fronti-elevation ofthe of the upper, and airotary'pressing member co- 501 operating elementsofthe-maehineshowfnin Fig. operating vwith the'anvil for applying pressure to: 4, with theseoperatingfielements V-diiferentpoand: feeding zthezoverlapped.lasting .margin fof the sitions;` u Y u upper and sole memberto secure the upper: pro- Figs. -'7ande-are@viewsinlsideelevatiomof-the gressively to the sole member in assembled relaoperating elementsiofl-the-fmachine-- disclosedin tionthereon. 55,Figs.=f15andv6p Fig; 9fis-a viewinfrontelevation-showing the 3 operating elements of one of the machines in position to receive the work;

Fig. l is a view similar to that of Fig. 5, but showing the machine operating on a different type of work; and

Fig. 11 is alperspectivelview of a partially completed shoe after-fits upper has `Vbeen assembled on an insole.

Referring now to the drawings, the two ma.

chines which are illustrated in Fig. lare exactly alike except that the relative positions of their operating elements are reversed, for a purpose to be explained below. Accordingly, while the following description refers particularly to the machine shown on the right in Fig. 1, and in side elevation in Fig. 2, this description also applies to the various elements of the machine shown on the left, which elements are identified by the same reference characters.

The operating elements of each of the machines comprise a rotary presser member I0, a cooperating anvil I2, a work-supporting table I4, a holddown I6 and an edge guide I'I. In each machine, these operating elements are supported ber 22, with their operating elements facing each the presser member I0 is eccentrically. mounted in a chuck 30 which is secured to the outer end -of a shaft 32. This shaft is journaled in a bearing bore 36, formed in the upper portion of the column i8, and carries a sprocket 38. Journaled in the lower portion of the column are two shafts and 42 which are connected together by means of spur gears 44 and 46, carried respectively by these two shafts, and a gear 48, journaled on a stud 50. Formed integrally with the gear 48 is a second sprocket 52 which is connected to the sprocket 33 by means of a chain 54. The shaft 42 carries a pulley 56 and is driven by means of a belt 58 which extends from the pulley 56 to a pulley 60 on the power shaft 24.

The anvil I2 is located directly below the presser I0 and has a portion 6| which extends beneath the table I4 and is secured to a curved flexible arm 62 by means of screws 63, Figs. 7 and 8. This flexible arm has' a downwardly extending rigid portion 64 which is supported on two eccentric pins 66 and 68, carried by the shafts 40 and 42, respectively. The arrangement of these eccentric pins, with respect to the eccentrically mounted presser I0, is Vsuch that when the shafts 32, 40 and 42 are rotated, from the Vmain power shaft 24 asy above explained, the

presser I0 is rotated and the anvil I2 moved in a circular path, so that relative approaching and separating movements are imparted to the member 18. This bracket member vis carried ong'.

the outer end of a lever which is fulcrumed on a support 82 on the top cf the column I8. A coil spring 84 is arranged to hold the lever 80 yieldingly in the position, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, as determined by an adjustable stop screw 86, carried by an extension 88 of the support 82. The lever 80 is connected, by means of a chain 90, to one end of an L-shaped lever 92 which is pivotally mounted on the face of the column I8 by means of a screw stud 94, see Fig. 2. Connected to this same end of the lever 92 is a treadle rod 96 which extends downwardly to a treadle, not shown. When this treadle is depressed, the lever 92 is turned, against the action of a coil spring 98, in a direction to pull down on the chain 90 and thus to elevate the holddown I6 to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 9.

The edge guide I'I is yieldingly supported, against a spring |00, in a bracket member |02 (Fig. l). This bracket member is adjustably secured, by means of screws |04 and a slot |06, to an arm |08 which is pivotally mounted on a pin IIG carried by a bracket II2, secured to the face of the column I8 by means of screws I I4, see Fig. l. The arm |08 has a downwardly extending portion IIE, provided with a hole ||8 into which a pin |20, carried by the lever 92, extends. Thus, when the treadle, not shown, is depressed to elevate the holddown I6, in the manner just explained, the arm |08 will be turned on the pin IIO so as to swing the edge guide I'I away from the anvil, see Fig. 9.

In order to facilitate the introduction of the work, when the treadle is depressed and the holddown I6 and edge guide I1 moved to the positions shown in Fig. 9, as above explained, mechanism is also provided for stopping the rotation of the shafts 32, 40 and 42 with presser I0 and anvil I2 separated. This mechanism comprises a collar |30 whichis secured to the shaft 40 and provided with a lug |32, see Fig. 2. Adjacent to the screw stud 94, the lever 92 is formed to provide an ear |34. When the treadle, not shown, is released, this ear is held out of the path of rotation of the lug |32 on the collar |30. However, when the treadle is depressed, the lug |32 will engage the ear |34, thus causing the belt 58 to slip and stopping the rotation of the shafts 32, 40 and 42 with the presser I0 and anvil I2 separated as shown in Fig. 9. The belt 58 is made loose enough to permit this slipping action while being capable of transmitting sufficient torque to the pulley 56, when the treadle is released and the ear |34 moved out of the path of the lug |32, to provide all of the power required for operating the machine.

Referring now particularly to the machine which is shown on the right in Fig. 1 and the operating elements of which are illustrated in Figs. 4. to 8, the operation of this machine, which is, of course, similar to that of the machine shown on the left in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 3, will be explained. The operator rst takes a sole member, for example the insole I, which is shown as rabbeted to provide a locating shoulder S, .see Figs. 3 and 4, and loosely assembles thereon an upper U which is precut with a lasting margin of suitable width. It will be understood that the rabbeted portion of the insole I and the inside surface of the lasting margin of the upper U will be coated with adhesive so that these parts will adhere together upon the application of pressure.

Holding these loosely assembled parts inA his hands after depressing the treadle to elevatethe aas-c5432 45 holddown's I6; to.. move:j the edge,- guidei. I1.' ,away from the-anvil,l tozseparatefthe;presser: I and anvil: I 2 rand.. to sto.p;tl1e machineswith. the. p a-rts initheV positions shown'A in..Fig; 9, the-z operator places. the.insoleY on the table.: I4fA with the.. toe endof the upper beneath. the.. presser I0; and above the anvil. I2r Now, after liningthe; edge ofi the lasting. marginof the upper. U. With.the shoulder S .on the. insole I, .the operator; releases the; treadle thus loweringi the. holddown against thetop of the .insole.to;.hold itlyieldingly against the table, movingtheed'ge. guide tothe. position shown. in. lili-gs; 3, 4, 5.. and* 6,. and starting: the machine. As.- the shafts: 32,. 40.? and 42.v rotate, the presser. IIl rotates' and` anvil. I2, travels.-in'-a circular path; in 'timefrelatiom ,so that the.pr.ess enl and'. anvilxmove.l toward?. and away freni. each other; Because'. of. this acti0n,.the.lasting mar;- giniof; the upperf ispressed firmly against. the marginalgedge. of. they insole. and: the upper and the; insole. arefed. along in the direction. of;the

arrow in Fig. 7. As..will.be:apparent,.the, anvil I2l and.A table I4 can yield downwardly, because ofgtheflexibility of theirv supporting armsxzzand 1.0 thus accommodating.l insoles of different thicknesses. When the presser andzanvilseparate,.see Fig, 8, the insole. and upper are. held against movement bythe yielding pressure of the holddown I6.

As the upper is thus progressively secured in assembledposition on the insole, by the-action ofl the. presser I0 and anvil I 2, theoperator guides the upper manually so that its edge is located against the shoulder S. Theinside edge of the bottom ofv the holddown I6 servesl as a guide point for assisting the operator in thus locating theedge of the upper. This holddown may also serve as a-means.for locatingthe edge of the upper when the machinefisv operating-to assemble anupper to an insole which has no rabbeted portion. Fig. shows the machine operating under these conditions andwith the edge' of the upper engaging the holddown. The insole is 1ocated in a Widthwise direction with respect to the anvil I2 and table. I 4 by the engagement of the upper, as it is bent around the ycorner `of the insole, with the edge guide I'I. The operator continues this operation until the upper iscomplete- 1y assembled and securedto l'the insole Valongvone side. The insole and the. partly. assembled upper are now removed from the first machineand the.

assembling operation repeated along the opposite 4sideofthe-insole, in the other machine, see Fig. 3, so as to complete the assembling of theupper on the insole. Fig. 11 shows an upper thus completely assembled-on an insole.v

While the machineof this invention has been shown, for the purpose of illustration only, as used, for assembling the upper of any open-toe andy open-heel shoe. on an insole, it willbe understood that the machine is not limited-to assembling uppers of this kind. For example, an

l uppery havingv a. closed heel may be assembled Whatever thettypelof vvupper" thatv is assembled on, and*securedito;l theinsoleethefnext step in the manufacture of the shoe:isY that of'insertif.- ingtthei last to:.stretchand shape the upper.v It is: theusualpractice so. to cut the'upper that, when its lfull lasting margin is. secured tothe in-v solethe last will t the. upper snugly enough to stretchit somewhat-.when thelastisinserted. As

will be, apparent, this procedure requires'thefvery' careful .grading ofthe upper, ,as vwell as :accurate pesit'ioningiof .the lastingmargin of the insole,-,if Ythe desiredstretching-of: thev upper is; to beobtained. Substantially the ksame results may, vhowever; vbe obtained more easily by departing. from the .usual procedure. in. the. following respects.

Eirst,.the uppery is outa-.little smaller thanthe lastiwhich is tobe. inserted init; Next, thev upper isasecured tothe insole, during the assembling operationas carried. out in themachine ofv this invention, with a so-called leggy cement, such, for example, as natural or synthetic latices or cements. Now, after the upper; hasbeen assembled'with itsfull lasting margin overlapped on the..insole,.when the llast is.- inserted, itbeing larger, willmore than iilllthe upper and will exert a stretching force thereon tending tovbringthe upper to. its own size.v This forcewill rst stretch theupper. and then cause the overlapped lasting margin to. creep on the. insole, theeggy cement permitting.. such creeping of the upper, to accommodate. the larger last, while'at. the same time. retaining an adhesive bond between the upperA and the insole.l However, linasmuch as the upper. will not creep, at any point Where it is secured to the insoleuntil a considerable force has been applied through the upper, when the last has been fully inserted, all portions of the upper will have been subjected to a uniform lasting-'.stress, i. e., azstresscsufcientto causecreepingof the upper on the insole. Thus, although the upper may not have been very carefully graded or its lasting margin accurately positioned on the insole, so long as the upper is appreciably smaller than thevlast, all portions of it will be substantially uniformly stretched and shaped to the last. After the last has beeninserted and the upper stretched in the manner just described, the adhesive willset so `as to bond the upper securely to the insole. This bond may, ofcourse, be augmented when, inthe subsequent step of applying an outsole,A the outsole is attached by means of fastenings'such, for example, as stitches which pass through the lasting margin or the upper and the insole. Y

It will be apparentregardless of the manner f inwhich the upper is adhesively secured to the insole or how the shoe is subsequently completed that, by the use ofthe machineof this invention, thecperation ofassembling the upper on, and securing vit-to, Vthe insole, may be easilyrand speedily eifected. Also, because of the action of the anvil and cooperating presser member, the lasting margin of the. upper will be uniformly and firmly adhered `to the insole.- Furthermore, because of thefunction of: the hclddown in serving as a guide point, when assembling an upper on a rabbeted insole, or as a guide means, when assemblingan upper on an insole which is not rabbeted orj otherwise provided with means for locating the.` upper thereon, accurate positioning of the lasting margin on-the insole is assured. Moreover, the lateral positioning of the insole, by the edge guide, and the holding of the insoleon the table -bythe holddown, greatly facilitate the vassembling operation and thus V-speed up production.

Havingdescribed the invention,: whatI.- claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the upper loosely assembled thereon, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and means cooperating with said last-mentioned member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

2. A machine ior assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the upper loosely assembled thereon, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and means cooperating With said last-mentioned means for applying pressure to and for feeding the upper and sole member to secure the upper progressively to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

3. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an uppel1 and adapted to support a sole member with the lupper loosely assembled thereon, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and means cooperating with said last-mentioned member and including a rotary member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

4. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member With the upper loosely assembled thereon, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supportingmeans, and means cooperating With said last-mentioned member and including a rotary member for applying pressure to and for feeding the yupper and sole member to secure the upper progressively to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

5. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, a table, supported on a ilexible arm and adapted to extend through the open end of an upper, for supporting a sole member with the lasting margin of the upper loosely assembled in overlapping relation thereon, an anvil extending into the upper and supported on a flexible arm adjacent to said table, and a presser member cooperating with said anvil for applying pressure to the overlapped lasting margin of the upper and the sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon,

6. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, a table, supported on a flexible arm and adapted to extend through the open end of an upper for supporting a sole member With the lasting margin of the upper loosely assembled in overlapping relation thereon, an anvil extending into the upper and supported on a exible arm adjacent to said table, and a rotary presser member cooperating with the anvil for applying pressure to the overlapped lasting margin of the upper and the sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

7. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, a table supported on a ilexible arm and adapted to extend through the open end of an upper for supporting a sole member with the lasting margin of the upper loosely assembled in overlapping relation thereon, an anvil extending into the -upper and supported on a flexible arm adjacent to said table, said anvil being supported for circular movement, a rotary presser member, and means for rotating said presser member and for imparting circular movement to the anvil, in time relation, so that the sole member and upper are fed along and the lasting margin of the upper Vprogressively pressed against the sole member.

8. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to supporta sole member With the upper loosely assembled thereon, means for yieldingly holding the sole member on said supporting means, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and means associated with said last-mentioned member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

9. A machine for assembling an'upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the upper loos-ely assembled thereon, means for yieldingly holding the sole member on said supporting means, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and a rotary member associated with said last-mentioned member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

10. A machine for assembling an -upper on a sole membe;` having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the upper loosely assembled thereon, hold-down means for yieldingly holding the sole member on said supporting means, and means associated With said supporting means for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon, said holddown means being also arranged to guide the edge of the upper as it is pressed against the sole member.

l1. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the upper loosely assembled thereon, hold-down means for yieldingly holding the sole member on said supporting means, and means including a rotary member associated with said supporting means for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon, said hold-down means being also arranged to guide the edge of the upper as it is pressed against the sole member.

12. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the lasting margin of the upper loosely assembled in overlapping relation thereon, hold-down means for yieldingly holding the sole member on the supporting means, an anvil extending into the upper and located adjacent to said supporting means, a presser member cooperating With the anvil for applying pressure to the overlapped lasting margin of the upper and sole member progressively to secure the upper to the sole member, said hold-down means being also arranged to guide the edge of said lasting margin as the upperi is press-ed against the sole member by the pressing member.

13. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with the lasting margin of the upper loosely assembled in overlapping relation thereon, hold-down means for yieldingly holding the sole member on the supporting means, an anvil extending into the upper and located adjacent to said supporting means, and a rotary presser member cooperating with the anvil for applying pressure to the overlapped lasting margin of the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member, said hold-down means being also arranged to guide the edge of said lasting margin as the upper is pressed against the sole member by the pressing member.

14. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an inturned upper and to support a sole member With the inturned upper loosely assembled thereon, means for engaging the upper adjacent to the edge of the sole member for positioning the sole member laterally on said supporting means, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and a rotary member cooperating with said last-mentioned member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member on said supporting means, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

15. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means for supporting a sole member With an upper loosely assembled thereon, means for yieldingly holding the sole member on the supporting means, means for engaging the upper adjacent to the edge of the sole member for positioning the sole member laterally on the supporting means, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and means associated with said last-named member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

16. A machine for assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to -extend through the open end of an -upper and adapted to support a sole member with an upper loosely assembled thereon, means for yieldingly holding the sole member on the supporting means, means for engaging the upper adjacent to the edge of the sole member for positioning the sole member laterally on the supporting means, a member extendin'g inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supporting means, and means associated with said last-named member fol` applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

17. A machine Afor assembling an upper on a sole member having, in combination, means constructed and arranged to extend through the open end of an upper and adapted to support a sole member with an upper loosely assembled thereon, means for yieldingly holding the sole member on the supporting means, means for engaging the upper adjacent to the edge of the sole member for positioning the sole member laterally on the supporting means, a member extending inside of the upper and located adjacent to the supportingI means, and a rotary member associated With said last-named member for applying pressure to the upper and sole member, progressively, to secure the upper to the sole member in assembled relation thereon.

LLOYD G. MILLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,331,797 Bertrand et al Feb. 24, 1920 2,180,807 Haber et al Nov. 21, 1939 2,302,019 FosteI Nov. 17, 1942 2,329,244 Brandt Sept. 14, 1943 

